Primarily a database provider, with databases of voters, mobile phone numbers, consumer habits, campaign contributions, and more. They make software to help campaigns utilize and effectively combine these databases in a variety of campaigning techniques. TargetSmart also offers help campaigning, from predictive analytics to communications management. In 2017, a portion of their voter database was accidentally posted online by one of their customers.

Analyzes perceptions of brands on social media and attempts to predict future behavior from data. They also run social media campaigns for customers.

Widely used survey creation platform. Qualtrics allows creation of surveys in many formats, which can be delivered via websites (including via sites like Mechanical Turk), email, SMS, offline, etc. They also offer survey-related consulting and research services.

German data-based political marketing company started in 2016. There isn't great detail about their methods online, but it sounds like they use fairly standard techniques for audience segmentation and targeting, and also offer support with communication and advertising strategy.

Helps advertise to key voters across a variety of channels including online, on TV, by phone, and by mail. Axiom Strategies focuses on comparing the effectiveness of voter outreach programs and seems to work with mostly conservative campaigns.

AggregateIQ makes campaign management software, including tools for managing outreach campaigns and voter databases. Most notably, they created Ripon as part of a contract with SCL Group, which was used as a database for Ted Cruz's campaign. They also built software for automating advertising campaigns. Upguard found AggregateIQ's Gitlab repository online in March 2018 and published a series of articles analyzing their software and clients.

A Mexican political marketing company that was created in 2016. They seem to be a full-service company with a focus on social media.

"Xaxis Politics is the first programmatic product that enables advertisers to leverage offline voter data to inform their digital campaigns. This means that political advertisers can reach their most relevant voters across display, mobile, online video, digital radio, connected TV and social media."

Facebook allows targeting of advertisements based on interests, behaviors, location, and demographics. It also allows targeting groups like website visitors, app users, and audiences that look like existing audiences. It also provides a list of companies who can assist with advertising on Facebook. including data brokers who can augment custom audience lists. Additionally, data is available via the API and some app developers collect data from users via their apps, as Global Science Research did (and then sold it to Cambridge Analytica). Similar services are also offered on Instagram.

Help brands with running marketing campaigns and also does custom software development. Unclear if they work in political contexts, but they made an app for viewing information related to Mexican legislation for PwC and one of their employees worked at PRI right before joining i360.

Creates software for managing SMS, calling, and online advertising campaigns. They also offer a variety of services to campaigns ranging from advertising and social media management to fundraising. Mostly seems to work with progressive campaigns and causes, as well as some state agencies, in the US.

Creates campaign management software with a focus on databases to help with fundraising and outreach. Their software also allows matching people in these databases to their social media profiles, and targeting the most influential of them. NGP VAN also creates tools for mobilizing volunteers using gamified campaign organization software. Mosty works with democrats in the US.

A Swedish political communications company. They run campaigns for a variety of organizations, mostly related to social and political issues. Reform Act mostly seems to work on digital campaigns.

Social media marketing company focused on progressive campaigns around the world.

Major data broker that collects data from a wide variety of sources. They sell data and match up the identities of people across data sources. Acxiom also offers consulting services to help organizations use their data. They created a website (https://aboutthedata.com) that explains how targeted advertising works and offers to let people control how their data is used, but also likely collects data in the process.

Parent company of Cambridge Analytica. Used data-driven political marketing techniques to influence elections around the world. Also worked extensively in influence operations for the defense and intelligence industries.

A data-driven political marketing company that worked on many different campaigns around the world. Cambridge Analytica uses data from a variety of sources combined with psychological profiles and surveys to target advertisements. It has been at the center of recent scandals due to the misuse of Facebook data when working on the Trump campaign.<br />An undercover investigation revealed that in some cases they may conceal their involvement in elections with front companies/partner companies or use more dubious tactics such as bribery and honey traps. Cambridge Analytica was also working on a cryptocurrency to enable people to sell their data to advertisers.<br />Due to a series of scandals, Cambridge Analytica and many of its associated companies were closed. However, Cambridge Analytica is far from unique and many other companies use similar techniques and data.

Twitter is a social media website that also sells data and advertisements. Companies and researchers can buy data from particular accounts, coming from certain geographic areas, or about certain topics. Continuous access to various quantities of data can be purchased, or historical data can be purchased one time. A subset of this data is available for free via Twitter's API.<br />Twitter allows companies to target advertisements based on lists of accounts/emails/phone numbers, audiences like known customers or followers of other accounts, website visitors or app users, search queries, interests, devices, geographic area, purchasing behaviors (based on data from data brokers), language, or gender. Users are then shown advertisements, usually in the form of tweets, and advertisers pay based on the number of impressions, clicks, engagements, followers, etc. Twitter operates its advertisement program and sells data in most countries.